Let him note the infinite variety of form and size of the tossing waves out at sea or against the curves of their foam-crested breakers, as they dash against the rocks let him listen to the roar and scream of the shingle as it is cast up and torn down the beach or look at the flakes of foam as they drive hither and thither before the wind: or note the play of colours, which answers a gleam of sunshine as it falls upon their myriad bubbles. If one of these people, in whom the chance-worship of our remoter ancestors thus strangely survives, should be within reach of the sea when a heavy gale is blowing, let him betake himself to the shore and watch the scene. There is no side of the intellect which it does not call into play, no region of human knowledge into which either its roots, or its branches, do not extend like the Atlantic between the Old and the New Worlds, its waves wash the shores of the two worlds of matter and of mind its tributary streams flow from both through its waters, as yet unfurrowed by the keel of any Columbus, lies the road, if such there be, from the one to the other far away from that Northwest Passage of mere speculation, in which so many brave souls have been hopelessly frozen up. Moreover, I would urge, that a thorough study of Human Physiology is, in itself, an education broader and more comprehensive than much that passes under that name. I venture to maintain, that, if the general culture obtained in the Faculty of Arts were what it ought to be, the student would have quite as much knowledge of the fundamental principles of Physics, of Chemistry, and of Biology, as he needs, before he commenced his special medical studies. I cannot but think that this is an anomalous and not wholly creditable state of things. The second pleads, 'I wanted to impress a scientific truth, with a distinctness attainable in no other way, on the minds of my scholars,' and the magistrate fines him five pounds. The first offender says, 'I did it because I find fishing very amusing,' and the magistrate bids him depart in peace nay, probably wishes him good sport. One has impaled a frog, and suffered the creature to writhe about in that condition for hours the other has pained the animal no more than one of us would be pained by tying strings round his fingers, and keeping him in the position of a hydropathic patient. 1877, two persons may be charged with cruelty to animals. But you must not inflict the least pain on a vertebrated animal for scientific purposes (though you may do a good deal in that way for gain or for sport) without due licence of the Secretary of State for the Home Department, granted under the authority of the Vivisection Act. inconvenienced by being wrapped up in a wet rag, and having his toes tied out. a condition of the law which permits a boy to troll for pike, or set lines with live frog bait, for idle amusement and, at the same time, lays the teacher of that boy open to the penalty of fine and imprisonment, if he uses the same animal for the purpose of exhibiting one of the most beautiful and instructive of physiological spectacles, the circulation in the web of the foot. I should object to any experimentation which can justly be called painful, for the purpose of elementary instruction.
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